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A film crew is a group of people hired by a production company for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. The crew is distinguished from the ''cast'' as the ''cast'' are understood to be the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The ''crew'' is also separate from the ''producers'' as the ''producers'' are the ones who own a portion of either the film company or the film's intellectual property rights. A film crew is divided into different departments, each of which specializes in a specific aspect of the production. Film crew positions have evolved over the years, spurred by technological change, but many traditional jobs date from the early 20th century and are common across jurisdictions and film-making cultures. Motion picture projects have three discrete stages: development, production and distribution. Within the production stage there are also three clearly defined sequential phases — pre-production, principal photography and post-production — and many film crew positions are associated with only one or two of the phases. Distinctions are also made between above-the-line personnel (such as the director, the screenwriter and the producers) who begin their involvement during the project's development stage, and the below-the-line "technical" crew involved only with the production stage. A study of the 100 top-grossing films of each year between 1994 and 2013 found that there were an average of 588 crew credits per film,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://stephenfollows.com/how-many-people-work-on-a-hollywood-film/ )〕 however, profitable independent films have been made with crews of less than a dozen.〔http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/budgets/〕 Television crew positions are derived from those of film crew. ==Director== The director is considered to be a separate entity, not within the film crew's departmental structure. * Director : The director is responsible for overseeing the creative aspects of a film, including controlling the content and flow of the film's plot, directing the performances of actors, organizing and selecting the locations in which the film will be shot, and managing technical details such as the positioning of cameras, the use of lighting, and the timing and content of the film's soundtrack. Though directors wield a great deal of power, they are ultimately subordinate to the film's producer or producers. Some directors, especially more established ones, take on many of the roles of a producer, and the distinction between the two roles is sometimes blurred. * Second unit director : The second unit director is responsible for overseeing the photography assigned to the second unit, which can range from minor insert shots to large stunt sequences. The second unit director position is frequently filled by a member of the production, most often the editor or stunt coordinator. * Music director : In India-based movie productions, many of which are musicals, the term 'music director' is commonly used for the composer and music producer of the songs and score used in the film. The role involves supervising the arrangement, recording and mastering of film music along with conducting and orchestration. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Film crew」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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